goglfresh.blogg.se - Air traffic controller 3 torrent

For the EU, such restrictions are specified in the Route Availability Document (RAD) (see Further Reading section below). restricting flights based on their departure or destination). Rerouting of certain traffic flows (e.g.sending controllers from another facility to cope with seasonal or temporary traffic peaks) These are carried out after consultations with the ATC service providers and aircraft operators. Strategic planning. This phase includes measures that are normally carried out well in advance, e.g.These measures are restrictive in nature and therefore should be kept to the minimum and, whenever possible, be applied selectively (but not be discriminatory) so as to affect only that part of the traffic which causes the problem and they should be applied only for the period when expected air traffic demand will exceed the capacity in those areas. Measures to control the flow of air traffic need to be taken in certain cases to ensure a reasonable balance between the traffic demand and the ability to accommodate that demand. insufficient advance notice of likely traffic demands which may cause overloads at certain points or during specific times.lack/insufficient surveillance equipment or obsolete data processing systems) that cannot cope with the growth of air traffic. inadequate procedures for the transfer of control) or inadequate equipment (e.g. Often the reason for this is insufficient staffing but may also be inefficient procedures (e.g.

differences in the capacities of the various ATC systems.

that tend to concentrate the traffic in a narrow period of time night restrictions at aerodromes, noise abatement procedures, etc. This may also be caused by local procedures, e.g.

accumulation of traffic during specific periods of the year (or the week or the day) due to holiday patterns and travel habits.

The main causes of traffic congestion are: Such measures frequently result in delays of flights prior to departure, in-flight holdings, use of uneconomic flight levels, re-routing and diversions, disruptions of flight schedule, economic and fuel penalties for aircraft operators, congestion on aerodromes or in terminal buildings and passenger dissatisfaction. In this case, alleviating measures, such as control of air traffic flow, will need to be considered, particularly when the ATC system can no longer fully cope with the volume of air traffic. An optimum flow of air traffic is not always possible due to various constraints, such as conflicting users’ requirements, air navigation system limitations and unexpected weather conditions. To be effective, it needs cooperation and co-ordination with ATC units and airspace users. ATC capacity reflects the ability of the system to provide service, and is expressed in numbers of aircraft entering a specified portion of the airspace in a given period of time.ĪTFM supports ATC in meeting its main objectives as well as of achieving the most efficient utilization of airspace and airport capacity. It comprises activities related to traffic organization and handling in a way that is safe, orderly, expeditious and kept within the capacity. The objective of ATFM is to ensure optimal traffic flow when demand is expected to exceed the available capacity of the ATC system.

Source: ICAO Doc 4444 PANS-ATM Description A service established with the objective of contributing to a safe, orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic by ensuring that ATC capacity is utilized to the maximum extent possible, and that the traffic volume is compatible with the capacities declared by the appropriate ATS authority.